Jules Winnfield and Vincent Vega

The first scene that will be analysed is the one where Jules Winnfield and Vincent Vega are going to fulfil their duties as gangsters (0:06:45-0:20:12). The scene shows how normal it is for the main characters to have a job as gangsters and kill people on command of their boss. While watching it, the viewer has the impression that the world in the film is absurd, but it is a perfect example of a social satire. The main characters live in a world full of violence, drugs, but they find themselves perfectly suitable in it. Also, the verbal humour has a crucial role here; lots of comical ornaments of the speech, curses, irony and sarcasm create the whole background of this environment. Basing on the benign-violation theory, the whole scene evokes amusement, because characters present quite controversial behaviour. For the purpose of the forthcoming analysis, the scene will be divided into three parts:1) Jules and Vincent's dialogue in the car (0:06:45-0:08:43); 2) The conversation about the foot massage (0:08:43-0:13:46)3) The score of gangsters and debtors (0:13:46-0:20:12). As the first part of the scene begins, Jules and Vincent drive a car and the main focus here is on the dialogue between the characters; they talk mostly about Vincent's journey to Europe. He mentions many cultural differences: the policies of hash bars, the law of policemen, beer in cinemas, or mayonnaise on fries in Holland, how a Quarter-Pounder with cheese is called a Royale with cheese in France. At this point, the viewer has no idea where the main characters are driving or what the purpose of their mission is. It can be only assumed that they are partners and that the circumstances are quite amusing, because they seem serious, but their conversation is completely ridiculous. This contrast is highly intriguing and introduces the viewer to the world full of absurd.

Egyptian government Essay

Though the New York Times also covers the international health view in reporting that the World Health Organization has gone on record stating that the slaughtering of the nation’s pigs has â€Å"no scientific basis† and that the United Nations describes the government executed slaughter as being a â€Å"real mistake†. The periodical touches lightly on the issues and views of international health organizations but focuses more on the lack of compensation received and the plight of the poverty stricken pig farmers. They report that when talk of a cull first began it was said that the Egyptian Health ministry promised that the farmers would indeed be compensated for the confiscation of their livestock, but upon experiencing some varied measure of resistance or implied disagreement from Parliament it is as yet unclear whether or not the pig farmers will ever see that compensation. The New York Times also presents the firsthand account of the pig farmers by interviewing a 26 year old Manshiet Nasser farmer, by name of Barsoum Girgis, who makes his living as a pig farmer and garbage collector. Girgis has gone on record stating that the Egyptian government is wrongfully going after the livelihood of the farmers. It is his, and other farmers’ belief that the pigs are perfectly healthy and he is left wondering how he will ever afford to feed his family and send his children to school without the availability and resource that he once had in his livestock. The newspaper shines a spotlight on how the farmers live, residing in an area where trash collecting is dependent upon people like Barsoum Girgis, who, when he had his livestock, would awaken every morning before dawn to comb the streets of Cairo for goods that he could sell to scrap yards for money and food scraps that he could use as pig feed. They also shine a light on the divisions between the Egyptian classes and the way that poor people are viewed within the nation. They have quoted Egypt’s Agriculture Ministry’s Head of Infectious Disease Saber Abdel Aziz-Galal’s as saying that it is his thought that the confiscated pigs should be taken to be raised on â€Å"good farms, not on rubbish†. Unlike any of the other newspapers, The New York Times takes the slaughtering of hundreds of thousands of livestock, that was supposed to be an effort to safeguard against the infestation of swine flu, and turns it into a personal attack against the farmers who are raising the livestock. This has become one of those clear cases in which the lowest of classes is targeted and further oppressed. Barsoum Girgis’ feelings echo this sentiment in his statement, â€Å"we are Christian, and we are the underclass, so it’s very easy to go after us†. It’s amazing how the New York Times article so eloquently portrayed the Egyptian government as classist and egregious.

Livelihood system among koyas

INTRODUCTION In the phase of globalization the question of livelihood has captured all the points of discussion. Various people have defined livelihood differently. Chambers and Conway (1992) define â€Å"A livelihood comprises the abilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to the next generation; and contribute net benefits to other livelihoods at the local and global bevels In the long and In the short term. In present days the Issue of livelihood has become a topic of concern In the context of tribal communities. Since centuries the tribal communities have been living in and around the forests, practicing hunting and gathering activities, fishing and shifting cultivation have faced difficulties in their survival. Traditionally they depend on forest resources for their livelihoods. Their dependence on forest was not merely for livelihood but also for their cultural requirement.For these people, forests are Important source of livelihood and means f survival (Saxons, 1999). Though, farming was there It was not much prominent. Their economy was subsistence in nature. Moreover, a number of small tribal groups are completely dependent on the forest for their livelihood. Fernando (1984) argues or that the destruction of forests over the past few decades has deprived tribes of their livelihood, particularly source of food. It has also resulted in their impoverishment, indebtedness and in many cases land alienation and even bondage.The concept of livelihoods and livelihood analysis emerged In the mild-inlets- loosely associated with poverty reduction strategies. Livelihood of the poor can never be understand in any track logic be it economic, social, technical, cultural or political. The livelihood systems are made up very div erse elements which taken together constitute the physical, economic, social and cultural wherein families live (Hogged, 2006). The life style and tradition of each indigenous community is unique and is related to the utilization of particular natural resource and particular type of work.They have been collecting resources from forest without causing any damage to It. The forest provides them food and livelihood security. Since tribal communities live in close proximity with biodiversity rich landscapes, they have evolved local specific and novel livelihood strategies based on their indigenous knowledge. This knowledge was passed on through generations and it played an important role in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. By and large, they were depending on nature for their survival.Social and cultural diversity, coupled with the environmental complexity, have generated diverse approaches and technologies In he management and use of different natural resources (Mi shear, 2007). It is important to note that, traditionally villagers, specifically the tribal, managed their affairs and resources on a sustainable basis (Roy Barman, 1993). Their village councils ensured strict observance of institutionalized rules and cultural practices for the sustainable use and management of natural resources.They also regulated the use of natural resources more carefully. Studies have shown that most of the tribal communities effective methods to conserve them (Agile and Berks, cited from Sings, 1996). Indigenous peoples' knowledge, conservation beliefs and values, environmentally adaptive and sensitive land use, resource management practices, and determined defense of territory and natural resources have enabled many of them to inhabit in the natural habitats for centuries without destroying their ecosystems and biodiversity (Setters, 1997).The interaction between human being and nature has always been reciprocal. In tribal communities where there always exist a symbiotic relationship between their livelihood pursuits and the surrounding natural resources ease like the forest, land, water bodies, mineral resource and other flora and fauna. For tribal people, land is important source of livelihoods. Around 90% of tribe's populations in India are depending on land directly or indirectly for their survival (Versa 1995). Their economy is primarily agro based. Land is the only tangible asset for them.Apart from the land forest is the second source of their livelihood. They used to collect various minor forest products from forest for their survival. There economy was subsistence in nature. In Kumara, the village selected for the present study, the people's traditional activities are mostly dependent on forest and agriculture. During traditional society the size of population was small, availability of land per person was sufficient for sustaining and forest was near to their villages and able to fulfill villager's needs.They emphasize on equa lity and collectively while using natural resource. Their custom and tradition were not against the natural law. They have sufficient indigenous knowledge on how to use any plants or herbs as medicine. Significance of the study: Kayos were nomadic people in the past but got changed due to modernized technology. Their society became heterogeneous society because of the adoption of Hinduism, its rituals, festivals, practices, modern education, life style etc. Their culture is being rapidly changed by the influence of mainstream society.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1) To understand the major livelihoods among Kayos of Wrangle. 2) To give an information about the connection between livelihoods and resources 3) To comprehend changing pattern of livelihoods and their coping mechanism. 4) To asses the government interventions in livelihood Data collection in the study area: The study area of KUMARA VILLAGE is under Davit Gram Penchant of Triangular Amanda, Wrangle District of Andorra Pradesh, Which is at a distance of 190 SMS from Hydrated.The fieldwork was carried out for 25 days as part of the study. Village census: In the first week the census data of the entire village was obtained. All men and women in the village were mostly farmers or agriculture labors, so to collect the census data we had to go in the morning before they leave to their fields. The interviews were conducted as per the convenience of the person after their consent was obtained. Group interviews: about how they organize different activities and informally asked them how they used to do the same activities in the past.The conversations revealed how they organized work in their respective fields and how obligatory it is to go and work when someone calls . We observed the nature of sharing labor in the village. In the village we can find of villagers taking turns for grazing of animals in the lands, this kind of turns showing the unity of the tribal people. Key informants: Key informants are important in the collection of data regarding for understanding the ways of hunting, rituals processes and also for understanding making of Sara (illegal) cheap liquor which they sell to earn money.Students of the village who are studying in colleges in Pasta and Hammond were very helpful in gathering information. Edema, Swaths and saran lath were very informative about how they celebrate festivals and how they are collecting minor forest products from forest. They took us to their fields and showed their fields and gave information. Savanna who is working as a forest officer in Pasta gave information about marriage celebrations, family relations etc.Limitation of the study: As the period of stay was very short and as the first week days were spent in rapport building the time left for actual data collection was very short. Hence sufficient information regarding some aspects could not be collected. Due to time constraint the fieldwork was carried out only for 23 days. If I could have spent m uch time in field it could have better to get more information. Therefore a detailed study is required to understand how tribal depend on natural resources and or use the resources to make a happy living.Also the study requires an understanding of how and from where they are getting their livelihood income. Apart from that what other resources are available to them. I have observed their traditional practices to find out the connection (if any) between the availability of resources and how these resources are used in generating their livelihood. They have various resources like land, water, forest. They depend on these resources doing their subsistence to make their life or for leading their life happily.

Is Social Media Beneficial for Our Society or Not Essay

Is Social Media Beneficial for Our Society or Not - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that social media is not about the exploitation of technology but service to the community. Social media websites have captured our lives. It is not easy to imagine the times when there were no Facebook or Twitter. Almost fifteen years ago, people had to wait months just to hear from each other. However today, the scenario is totally different. Nowadays, people spend more time social networking than actually meeting them in person or doing any other activity at home. With the advent of social media integration in our lives, there is a growing concern regarding its impact on our society as a whole. Like everything else in the world, social media too have both positive and negative aspects to deal with. The biggest portion of its influence on our society is however counted more on the positive side. The world has shrunk and the possibilities to interact across boundaries have become widened. It was never so easy to communicate all around the globe within seconds. Social media has surely brought us closer to many different parts of the world, especially for those who have been doing global businesses. â€Å"By bringing together people who share interests, no matter their location or time zone, social media has the potential to transform the workplace into an environment where learning is as natural as it is powerful.†Ã‚  Among numerous social media websites available today, two names always strike our minds instantly when talking about social media interaction or integration in our society.... Proponents of websites like Facebook and Twitter, suggests that these platforms have promoted online communities to have an easy interaction with friends and family living apart. They also offer teachers, students and mentors create online assistance and distance learning which a huge benefit for our society is. It is also greatly popular in disseminating useful, important or urgent information instantly and accurately. Facebook and Twitter have also been widely used for social wellness and awareness programs. They are not only cost effective mediums of spreading the word and getting assistance, but also helped thousands and millions of people to work for the evasion from the evils of our society. Among the numerous business and marketing benefits, it has also helped tremendously in providing opportunities to empower business women (Small Business - Chron.com). Besides being highly beneficial for the business purposes, marketing, promotion, and spreading positivity to help reduce man y social stigmas, social media has definitely proven itself to be a great tool in enhancing and improving a person’s living standard and quality of lifestyle. It has enabled numerous individuals to maintain an easy, trouble free and more organized lifestyle than before. It has improved the satisfaction towards life through minimizing many threats of health issues. It has been observed on a large scale that due to the emergence and integration of social media websites into our lives, friends and family on social media now have the best way to utilize the trend impact, propagating and assisting with workout, diet controlling, and in achieving goals related to the termination of smoking or

Access to Technology Key to Effective Transit Oriented Development in Essay

Access to Technology Key to Effective Transit Oriented Development in Urban Planning - Essay Example In the 20th century, commuters have preferred personalized modes of transportation over public transportation for numerous reasons. Public transportation meant that they had to compromise on privacy. People felt that public transportation was not an effective way of transportation. Private transportation gave them more freedom and gave them the privacy that was needed. Another important factor that went against improved public transportation is that the time spent in public transportation was waste of quality time and nothing productive could be extracted from it. Even though public transportation was cheaper when compared to private modes of transportation, people preferred private transportation over public transportation. Studies in the recent past have shown that trends are changing. There is a big segment of the urban population that is beginning to use public transportation more often because they are drawn towards a transit-oriented lifestyle. The majority of this segment consists of people under the age of 35, i.e. the Generation Y or Millennials. Joseph P. Schwieterman’s article â€Å"The Travel Habits of Gen Y† is focused on this. It discusses how the technology has changed the perception of the current generation towards public transportation and why more and more people below the age of 35 prefer public transportation over private transportation. The article identifies one of the main reasons for the newly found attractiveness in public transportation is the access to modern technologies. The current generation is highly hooked to electronic gadgets and prefers to stay digitally connected.  

English Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Hamlet - Essay Example One thing which stands out in the play is the ability of Shakespeare to manipulate the language; this has been very effectively done in the play. The play is based upon revenge; Hamlet takes revenge of his father's death in the play. Revenge is a very dangerous motive but a very powerful one. This paper will throw light upon the fates of the characters of Hamlet, did they deserve what they got. A comprehensive analysis will be provided on the same. Let's now take into consideration the character of Hamlet, as discussed earlier, it can be easily made out that Hamlet was an impulsive person. His Father was the king of Denmark and he was killed by Claudius, who has now become the king by marrying Hamlet's mother. A ghost tells Hamlet that his father was murdered by King Claudius and this allegation was later proved. Based on this assumption that Claudius killed his father, Hamlet decides to take revenge of the death of his father. Hamlet's rash actions go on to decide his fate. In the sense that he succeeds in killing King Claudius but prior to this Hamlet ends up killing innocent old man by the name Polonius. Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius while he was praying; this causes an unnecessary delay and only goes on to make the readers believe that the actions of Hamlet were very Impulsive. To conclude with the character of Hamlet it can be said that since revenge was his sole aim, no one could have predicted the future and there are risks involved when a person seeks revenge, so it is fair to say that the death of Hamlet was not surprising as a reader and he pretty much deserved it. This is purely based on the fact that anything can happen when one seeks revenge. Let's now take into consideration the character of Claudius, the villain in Hamlet. He is a very lustful and shrewd character in the play; the same also makes him different from all the other male characters in the play. He is a different male character in the play because all the other male characters in the play strive for justice and moral balance. The readers get a very positive opinion about Claudius initially; he gives a very impressive speech addressing some of the most important issues like death of his brother (Hamlet's Father) and the tensed situation with Norway. Claudius is seen to be putting his mind to good use in the play, he makes the people comfortable because he knew that failing to do so may lead to a rebellion as there was a change in the government and this was because he took over the throne, so to safeguard his interest he cleverly makes the people comfortable so as to make sure that no conflict at a later stage arises. "His speech juxtaposes the people's loss with the new beginning they will have under his care, and he uses the death of Hamlet's father to create a sense of national solidarity, "the whole kingdom/to be contracted in one brow of woe" (Claudius, 11 October 2008). Claudius should be looked at a multi faced villain who lets his desires get the better of him. Considering the fact that he kills Hamlet's father, the ex king of Denmark. He deserves what he gets in the play. He deserved to be killed for the murder of Hamlet's father, so it is very fair to say that he got what he deserved. Polonius is a very corrupt character in Hamlet, he betrays people whom he should be loyal to. He is a hypocrite, his sole aim was to make sure th

College Physics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

College Physics - Research Paper Example According to the electromagnetic theory, a charged particle in accelerated motion must radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. So an electron revolving around the nucleus must also radiate energy and finally fall into the nucleus following a spiral path. 5. Although these quarks can not be isolated individually, but in combination with the others it can give existence to subatomic particles as electrons and protons. An electron is made up of one up-quark and two down-quarks (u, d, d) and a proton is made up of two up-quarks and one down-quark (u, u, d). Water or moisture on the earth absorbs heat from the sun and the surroundings. When enough heat has been absorbed, some of the liquid molecules have enough energy to escape from the liquid and begin to rise into the atmosphere as a vapor. As the vapor rises higher, the temperature of the surrounding air becomes lower. Eventually, the vapor loses enough heat to the surrounding air to allow it to turn back into a liquid. Earth's gravitational pull then causes the liquid to "fall" back down to the earth, thereby completing the cycle. It should be noted that if the temperatures in the surrounding air are low enough, the vapor can condense and then freeze into snow or sleet. Once again, gravity will claim the frozen forms and they will return to the earth. Like giant capacitors in the sky, these clouds get charged up. The upper portion of the cloud is positive

Marketing Business Analysis of Costa Coffee Company Term Paper

Marketing Business Analysis of Costa Coffee Company - Term Paper Example Costa is currently the leading coffee chain in the UK in an industry that is highly competitive and rapidly growing. In spite of the current contraction forces within the global and UK economies, Costa has been able to expand sufficiently in the emerging economies as well as in its domestic market in the UK. Costa's brand focus on its various renowned coffee brands has been equaled with portfolio growth and development into new areas of service. Costa operates from the civil parish and market town of Dunstable as its main headquarters, situated in Bedfordshire England. Although leading its major competitors in terms of physical stores, it comes second to Starbucks regarding market share. Costa is completely owned by Whitbread. Among its major competitors, it has cut out its market niche by being the only coffee chain that offers hand-made coffee products to its clients. Costa Coffee has many brands, among them Miscela, Macinatura, Macchina and Manna. Costa specializes with Italian made coffee as their products suggest. All Costa coffee shops have been installed with Italian made Espresso machines. All these machines have been perfectly tuned to a long period to attain wide volumes of flawless coffee. Their special blend of Arabica and Robusta coffee is slowly roasted to perfection, much to the satisfaction of their clients. Towards the end of the year 2010, Costa acquired a market share of 37.7% to become the biggest coffee franchise within the UK. Bruno Costa and Sergio started the company in the year 1971, which later became part of the Whitbread franchise in 1995.

Brabantio Protests the Marriage of His Daughter Essay

Brabantio Protests the Marriage of His Daughter - Essay Example This essay would therefore like to determine whether Othello is doomed to fall because of his position as a Black, or because he is merely an outsider. But even with the second option, the play would demonstrate xenophobic tendencies. What was the attitude of Shakespeare’s England to Blacks? England first â€Å"encountered† Blacks sometime in the sixteenth century, probably around 1554 (Orkin 166). By 1601, however, there must have been enough rise in the Black population for Elizabeth I to have noticed and criticized the â€Å"great numbers of Negars and blackamoors which are crept into† England (Jones 12). There was therefore, already a culture of mistrust against the Moors in England. The word â€Å"black† at the time had many different, negative associations of evil, as the OED suggests. However, Shakespeare may not have been part of this attitude. Aaron in Titus Andronicus is still a racial stereotype, but by the time Shakespeare writes Merchant of Ve nice, he is ready to present a more dignified Moor (Orin167).

Productivity in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Productivity in Economics - Essay Example In capital productivity, output per units of capital goods employed is measured but, in the case of multiple productivity, both labour and capital goods are used as denominator. The study of productivity analyzes how much output can be produced in a specific time span. Productivity can be increased in various ways. Labour productivity is the term used to know the average product of labour. Productivity in economics is an important term as a country's standard of living depends upon this. So, more is the production more will be the standard of living. According to Mankiw, a country's standard of living depends upon its ability to produce goods and service. The article we have taken from the Economist raises question, whether slow productivity in America really affects or not. It is an analysis about the impact of mass employment upon productivity. Though , the rate of unemployment in America is dropping, economy is also slowing down. So, this is the matter of concern that, how productivity affects. The hike in employment rate is assembled with slower worker efficiency. It implies that though people are getting employed, the rate of productivity or efficiency rate is decreasing. So, the reason of sluggishness is to be analysed. Productivity has two components, one long term and another is short term in nature. The long term factors depend upon quality of work force, speed of innovation etc., but short term fluctuations in business create factor for short term effects. In this article , it describes about how these temporary factor s are affecting productivity and economy. Among the various short term reasons, housing bust in America is also reason for this type disturbance. The fall in building activity is supporting for weakness in economy. It is very hard to measure productivity rate in an odd business cycle. Due to rapid innovation and vast investment in IT sector, efficiency rose. As per the 10 principles of Mankiw, computer has a lot of contribution for America's economy, it has raised the standard of living of Americans. It has developed the ability to produce. The IT evolution has upgraded the productivity of the country. Economist have argued that , it is possible due to the reallocaton of funds between firms. On the whole, the IT evolution is supporting and boosting the whole economy through productivity. But, when we are having a broad analysis on the economy and the ratio of productivity, it is really a matter to consider for. The principles of Mankiw is in contrary. The falling rate of unemployment and weakness of economy put a question ma rk on the principles of productivity. The article in 'The Economist' (http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfmstory_id=9005279 ) not only contradicts the principles of Mankiw, but also raises question on efficiency of the workers serving over there. The factor on sluggishness is to be eradicated, the reason why this type of deficiency is happening is to be debated. The title of the article given a'Making less with more' is a very well opted title as production has become less but employment of people is rising day by day. In other words by comparing the principles of Mankiw, we can say that according to the data and the article , the principle goes well. Mankiw has described that for a raised standard of living, more production of goods and services are to be done in a particular unit of time. But, as we have analysed in the article, there is no particular unit o

How employees react when facing organization change and what HR Dissertation

How employees react when facing organization change and what HR manager should do - Dissertation Example Thus business organisations to effectively exist in such a changing environment are required to incorporate newer changes or modifications and also to innovate in terms of processes and systems followed. However organisations in the course of rendering or incorporating such changes are found to gain relevant resistance from employee bodies. The paper in the above light tends to conduct a research relating to business sectors like automobile manufacturing, retail and information technology wherein through secondary and primary research activity it focuses on the different employee reactions to changes and needed management interventions thereof. Introduction Globalization along with worldwide competition has exerted great pressure on organizational leaders and managers for constantly adapting themselves and workforces to the changing business conditions and circumstances. Organizations are constantly exposed to the dynamic nature of the business world and frequent economic fluctuations. The organisations pertaining to the changes in the external social and economic environment require aptly changing or adjusting their internal structures and policies to rightly suit the external environmental changes. Organisations having failed to rightly adapt them to the external social and economic changes have thereby failed to withstand the demands emanating from its external structure and thereby faded away. Changes that tend to take place inside the organisation occur along different categories. Categories of inside organisational changes occur pertaining to changes in leadership or management style, to the introduction of new organisational perf ormance and technology policies and methodologies and also belong to the changes rendered in the existing organisational structure. It may also pertain to the changes in systems and policies brought about in terms of mobilising existing organisational resources for better performance. These types of organisational changes are required to be brought about in the light of changing social, political, legislative, economic and technological scenario in the external landscape of the concern. Internal changes within the concern also bear relation to the changes in the managerial structures inside the concern. New managers, policies or technological and infrastructural developments sought within the concern tend to have variegated impacts on the work-life relationships of organisational people at different levels. Changes within the existing organisational structure and policies are embraced by the managers employed both at middle and top level owing to future promises and expectations of better organisational performance in the related business sector. Thus with the help of changes

Extending Hospitality to Travelers with Disabilities Essay Example for Free

Extending Hospitality to Travelers with Disabilities Essay â€Å"In terms of sampling, ODO narrowed its definition of an adult with a disability. â€Å"We wanted the disability to be permanent, and we wanted to cover the full range of physically limiting disabilities,† shares Turk. â€Å"But we didn’t want to include those with mental or emotional disorders. † Harris Interactive identified an ‘adult with a disability’ participant by using a variation of the 2000 U. S. Census questions. In the U. S. Census, a disability was defined as ‘blindness, deafness, or a condition that substantially limits one or more basic physical activities such as walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or carrying. ’† (Cooper, Schindler 2004) For purposes of the study conducted by Harris Interactive and Open Door Organization, the definition is sufficient. However, the inclusiveness or narrowness of the definition of disability must be pertinently elucidated during application of the result of the case study. 2. Analyze the research design’s various components. Identify any potential problems and explain the ramifications of these design issues. Identify potential strengths of the design. (a) Focus Groups – 13 participants for 2 session in ODO offices. An interim, preliminary step to â€Å"flesh out critical issues†¦. [to understand] the right language to clarify†¦. Issues† that is useful, efficient and effective. The participants are â€Å"in-house†, there is greater, maximum â€Å"control† of the group as they are very much accessible. The problem is that the â€Å"randomness† of the disabilities of the participants does not cover the entirety of the disability characteristics that will have to be studied. (b) Questonnaire Design by Various Participants From All Stakeholders (the hospitality industry, the other organizations interacting with disability issues) – this is a very good strategy, inspite of the trials and errors encountered in the question designing stages. The inputs of the widest range of stakeholders in disability issues will represent the best and the most profound aspect of the case being studied (c) Combination of Interactive Online and Telephone Interviews – this is also an efficient process because it can honestly and concretely reach out to the variable disabled person who might have limitations in one way or the other on either communication method. 3. What is a hybrid (dual-modality) methodology? What are the pros and cons of the hybrid methodology used in this study? The dual modality methodology utilizes two types of venue or means or tools to achieve results. In this study of ODO in analyzing the needs of persons with disability in their tour, travel and leisure, studying the respondent participants both via the internet and via the telephone is a comprehensive process. â€Å"It was important to use both to achieve a representative sample,† shares Laura Light, research director at Harris Interactive on the ODO study. 11 During analysis, Harris Interactive addresses the dual methodologies by weighting the data using a proprietary weighting process. â€Å"All Harris Interactive polls are weighted by demographics to ensure the sample is representative. But with online studies, we use propensity weighting as well,† explains Light. Online participants tend to be better-informed, so Harris Interactive uses responses to attitudinal and behavioral questions to weight online participants’ responses compared to those of persons they speak with by phone. Propensity weighting12 adjusts responses of an individual online participant based on national data about that individual’s likelihood to be online. † Generally, either way the proponent of the survey does not see the respondent. The interaction is conclusive only on the basis of what is typed online or verbally relayed on the telephone. So, there is still the possibility of limitation as to the astuteness of response maybe due to the attitude of â€Å"just getting over it†. Surveys are helped both by the concrete verbal or written response and the body language. The advantage though of utilizing the technical communication medium (internet and telephone) is that the survey is conducted expeditiously, in a wider scale. 4. Francie Turk had no prior experience with researching Americans with disabilities. Assume you have similar background; what would you have done in the exploratory phase of this project to become familiar with the frustrations and hurdles that adults with disabilities face when traveling? Compare your research process with what ODO did. What could ODO have gained from incorporating your methods? I will first conducted background research on disabilities and persons with disabilities. I will take one sample situation that persons with disabilities are involved with for background study. For example, grocery or supermarket activities that PWD’s are involved with. Then, I will utilize focus groups – at least within my state. Tedious it may be and a longer period will be required, focus group discussions would still be a more effective coverage of the objectives of the study. ODO will gather more comprehensive responses and results from personal discussions. 5. Brainstorm lists of potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations to be evaluated for adults with disabilities and create your own paired-comparison question. During a phone interview, how quickly could you cover this question? What are the advantages and disadvantages to using this measurement scale in the phone survey in comparison to using it in the online survey? The questions will have to further dwell on their experiences on space allocated and passage ways for PWD’s in hotel and restaurants. Also, the distinctive menu tools that they have been presented in choosing their meals. As far as hotel rooms are concerned, the participants will be made to deliberate on the added technology that rooms are accentuated with (like remote controls for lighting and air conditioning or heating) The survey will be conducted within 20 minutes maximum via telephone. Between the internet and telephone venues, the telephone will better serve the purpose because it is more live and more interactive. Reference: Cooper, Schindler Pamela S. â€Å"Open Doors: Extending Hospitality to Travelers with Disabilities†. Business Research Methods, 10/e

Physiotherapy for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)

Physiotherapy for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) 1. Introduction of contractors In this section the contractors of this project assignment will be introduced. 1.1 Client Fisioterapia Alcobendas is a private practice specialized in physiotherapy treatments. Its owner is Marc van Zuilen, HvA graduate who has been operating his own clinic since 1999. The clinic’s main objective is to provide quality and personalized healthcare to the community and its clients. Among the areas of expertise , the following can be listed: tendinitis, hernias, low back pain, whiplash, cervicalgia, tennis elbow, rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis, scoliosis, plantar fasciitis, fibromyalgia, cystic fibrosis, asthma, neuropathies, spina bifida, Bell’s palsy, etc. Besides being the owner of the clinic, Marc van Zuilen is also a lecturer for Universidad de Alcalà ¡ de Henares, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Asociacià ³n Fisioterapia Deporte de Élite. As part of his professional endeavours, by having this product in his hands, would benefit both the clinic and his actualization for use in lecturing. The client would like to employ for use in his practice a systemized recommendation for exercise for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Providing the client with an evidence based approach toward treatment of DPN would improve the outcomes in their patients well being and would provide the clinic with a valuable tool to employ in prescribing the appropriate treatment parameters for this group. 1.2 Educational Institution Hogeschool van Amsterdam, located at Amsterdam, Tafelbergweg 51, 1105 BD, pertaining to the Amsterdam School of Health Professions (ASHP) the European School of Physiotherapy (ESP), represented by our coach- Cia Kesselaar. 1.3 Students Mihaela Cosarca and Finda Morsay, last year ESP students will be researching this topic as their professional assignment project. 1.4 Contact information contractors Name Title Phone Email Fisioterapia Alcobendas, Spain Client 0034916238440 [emailprotected] Cia Kesselaar Coach [emailprotected] Mihaela Cosarca Student [emailprotected] Finda Morsay Student [emailprotected] 2. Assignment In this section the assignment proposed by the client will be introduced. Then, the background of the assignment will be described. Furthermore, the end products will be defined and the physiotherapeutic clinical relevance will be explained. 2.1 Introduction assignment Fisioterapia Alcobenda is a well known, established institution in the surrounding community of Madrid, Spain. It is dedicated to the wellbeing of the community it’s serving. The clinic would like to apply an evidence based approach to treatment of some of the most common pathologies encountered in their patients: diabetic neuropathy. In order to do that, they would like to have available a research on the recommended exercise interventions supported by literature. By making use of this tool, the clinic will ensure the best results in their patients. The purpose of this assignment is to investigate diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as a complication from diabetes and to present the evidence based in favor of exercising as a treatment modality that could prevent, delay or halt the course of this disease. Further on, we will focus on determining which exercise interventions should be incorporated into treatment plans for this group of patients and conclude which parameters of exercising are proven to be effective (type, intensity, frequency, duration). This project plan is developed by Mihaela Cosarca and Finda Morsay, students at the European School of Physiotherapy (ESP) in order to provide a structural approach to tackle the project assignment proposed by our client. 2.2 Background problem and clinical relevance In 2011, WHO estimated that 347 millions people worldwide were suffering from diabetes, with an estimated annual death toll of 3.4 millions. The International Diabetes Federation has an updated number for 2013: 382 mil people worldwide living with diabetes with a forecasted 55% increase to reach 592 million by year 2035. Diabetes is an epidemic and people diagnosed with diabetes are at increased risk of developing a series of serious health problems: cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy or dental disease (CDC 2011). According to American Diabetes Association (2011) of people diagnosed with diabetes, 60-70% will develop peripheral neuropathy and this complication has been deemed responsible for more than 60% of all non-traumatic amputations, in addition to contribution to other consequences: decreased sensation and strength, decreased proprioception, decreased reflexes, poor balance and increased risk of falling, decreased confidence, decreased level of activity and participation and overall decreased quality of life. The 2010 joint statement of ACSM and American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends different exercise interventions mostly for prevention and control of insulin resistance diabetes and to prevent complications. Similarly, a Cochrane review (Thomas et al. 2009) found that exercise was beneficial for people with diabetes as is correlated with glycemic control and significantly contributes to reduction in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, decreases triglycerides and increases insulin response. However, this review did not research the effect of exercise on DPN. The purpose of our study is to determine if exercise is a valid treatment modality for DPN and it will go further into details and to probe which exercise interventions are benefic for those diabetes patients who developed neuropathy and in which combination. The standard of care for diabetic peripheral neuropathy is based on a number of drugs and emphasis on feet care, but the main problem of the pharmacological approach is the fact that it produces side effects (Wamboldt et. al 2006), has been proven to have moderate to no improvement on this condition (Zochodne et. al 2008) and lacks the ability to lessen the progression of DPN (Zilliox et. al 2011, Callaghan et. al 2012). It is our responsibility as healthcare professionals to improve the odds of this patients and to contribute to a better quality of life for this population. In physiotherapy practice, the physiotherapists make use of different treatment modalities for various conditions. Exercise is one of the most accessible and easily prescribed intervention with successful results in many pathologies. Given the existing literature will prove exercise as a worthy intervention, we believe it has the potential to change the course of the disease and the quality of life of the DPN patients and it will be a useful tool in any clinic that treats these patients. Through this review, the students intend to research the main medical databases and to analyze the selected literature to determine the effectiveness of different exercise interventions in the treatment management of DPN. The findings will fill the lack of knowledge on the validity of this intervention as treatment of DPN and will outline the specifics of the treatment as evidenced by literature. This study has the potential to formalize the use of exercise as an evidence based modality for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients. Description of research question 3.1 Methods All the delivered end products must meet the requirements of a Bachelor’s degree. In order to complete this task, the students will use the following resources: 3.1.1 Search strategy To gather the studies for both background information and the systematic review part, we used the following methods: 1) For the evidence based part for the systematic review the students recruited RCT’s, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and existing guidelines. The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Cochrane, TripDatabase, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. An individual Cochrane search was conducted to prevent any systematic reviews being omitted during the first step. 2) For all the background information considered relevant for this topic, we also gathered: articles from the reference list contained in the systematic reviews and guidelines and articles found through the aforesaid databases that fall under the inclusion/exclusion criteria. 3.1.2 Keywords The keywords and the MESH terms (Medical Subject Headings) used were: 3.1.3 Inclusion criteria For the background information on DPN, case series, population-based studies, clinical trials, clinical and pilot studies, randomised-controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and guidelines published between January 2000 and September 2014 were taken into consideration. The background information focuses on definition, factors involved in pathogenesis of DPN, incidence and prevalence, clinical presentation: signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic methods, evaluation (EBP scales) and prognosis, available treatment methods. The inclusion of these articles was considered only if they were included in the reference section of an existing guideline or systematic review. For the systematic review- guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomized control studies published between 2000 and September 2014 were included. Available scientific studies in languages other than English or Spanish were excluded. In addition, some RCTs and case series were also included as long as they were published at a posterior date to the latest systematic reviews or guidelines. Criterion Justification 1 English Language Most specialty journals are published in English 2 2004- 2014 Last decade studies capture the most frequently used physical modalities existing in practice today[1] 3 Studied the effects of dry needling MTrPts on patients with PF 4 Humans > 18 y.o Ensures homogeneity between studies and possibly a bigger population count 5 Diagnostic criteria based on clinical findings Diagnostic criteria must be stated so that it can be easily determined how likely it was the subjects had PF and how similar the population was compared to other studies’ population 6 Quantitative study design incl. RCTs, non RCTs Included studies have to reflect the state of our knowledge and exact limitation; case studies excluded, unless published after latest RCT or systematic review 3.1.4 Exclusion criteria 3.1.5 Criteria for grading articles The articles are graded according to the Pedro criteria list (see appendix ?). In order to assess the quality of the criteria list, we conducted a pilot study where articles were individually graded and scores were compared by the reviewers. Where there was disagreement, discussion was done to reach a consensus. The list consists of 10 questions, scored between 0 and 1, max score 10. Each article was scored as follows: Good- if scored Very good score between 7 and 9 Excellent if scored 9 or 10 After the screening process with the criteria list articles were considered relevant for the study. 4. End Products The end products that will be delivered by the students are: 1. Project Plan- this document is meant as an organizational framework for the project. It outlines the content of the final end product of our PAP: a systematic review to help determine if using exercise as a treatment modality in the management of DPN is recommendable as good practice for PTs and other healthcare professionals. This plan describes the manner in which the students can guarantee quality end products. Efficient work is ensured by a clear task division and a thorough schedule. Buffer days/ weeks are set up to allow margins for the unexpected factors. Lastly, the quality of end products feedback and evaluation of the work is assured through collaboration with competent professionals and guidance from the ESP coach. 2. Systematic Review: the objectives of the proposed review are the following: To serve as an EBP tool for practitioners and students looking for an updated solution for using different exercise interventions in the management of DPN To provide practical guidance based on corroborating any existing EBP guidelines and including latest literature in terms of the exact interventio, the duration, frequency and the length of a standard treatment that could be beneficial for patients with this diagnosis. To provide a list of most common findings encountered through our research and conclude if exercise can be recommended and at what stage of the pathology can give a better prognosis- if evidence allows this conclusion Recommendations for future research 3.PowerPoint Presentation on the students will present the project. The specifics of the investigated intervention will be thoroughly explained with the accent on the most relevant findings of the review. 5. Project phases For optimal management, the project will be divided into three phases: preparation phase, decision making phase and completion phase. 5.1 Preparation phase The preparatory phase (week 37 to.. ) was dedicated to an orientation and selection of relevant literature and an outlining of the project. At the moment, the project is more defined and a more concrete design process is under construction. In this phase the following activities take place: Online or phone meetings with the client and personal meetings with the PAP coordinator A contract between client, student and the university A project plan is being written by the students and approved by the assigned coach 5.2 Decision Making and Progression phase In the decision making phase (week AA to AAA) the following activities take place: A progress report is made weekly and discussed with the coach A personal report is drawn up every two weeks Every day the student dedicates 6-8h/ day for synthesizing the selected literature and writing of the thesis Realization of project: deliver systematic review, leaflet and reports The presentation title plus brief description is submitted 5.3 Completion phase In the completion phase (week AAA to BBB) the following activities will take place: A presentation of the results: given by the student The final interview with the coach to discuss: the process report and the personal report, the end product (protocol and thesis) and feedback of the client Submitting products to PAP coordinator 6. Goals 6.1 Individual SMART goals MIHAELA S M A R T FINDA S M A R T 6.2 Group SMART goals S M A R T 6.3 End Product goal S Produce an answer to our research question, which is clinically relevant in physiotherapy practice M By following the standard scientific format: Abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion and conclusion A With good guidance from coach and using our knowledge on evidence based practice R A systematic review will be our end product T Until the end of project, mid Dec 2014 7. Process 7.1. Pitfalls and safety net planning 7.2. Quality control 7.3 Rules and regulations for work 7.3.1 Task division 7.3.2 Coach contribution 8. Planning and timetable The following are the external deadlines for the products Product External deadline Contract Project plan deadline 20.10.2014 Project plan retake deadline 27.10.2014 Title and brief description presentation 20.11.2014 Green light presentation coach 24.11.2014 Deadline all products (1st chance) 12.12.2014 Deadline all products (2nd chance) 07.01.2015 Deadlines and Official PAP coordinator coach meetings (proposals) Week Day Date Time Description Remarks 37 TH 12.09 11:30- 13:00 Group members meet to discuss topic after PAP coordinator assigns the team members 37 FR 13.09 project description sent to PAP coordinator 38 MON 15.09 14:30- 15:15 Group had first meeting with PAP coordinator to discuss the topic, client, backup topic Search for coach continues until Wed 38 WED 17.09 18:00 Topic/ Coach to be confirmed by PAP coordinator/ Green Light 38 TH 18.09 16:00 Turn in PAP enrollment form 38 FRI 19.09 10:00 Kick off project plan 38 MON/TUE 22.09- 23.09 Meeting PAP coordinator to finalize topic details Coach assigned on 25th Sept 2014 39 TUE 30.09 11:00 Meeting with coach 39 WED, TH Research for new topic 40 TUE 07.10 12:30 Meeting with coach Discuss new topic and suggestions 41 MON 13.10 12:30 Project plan first draft 41 ? Project plan feedback meeting 41 TH- MON Integrate feedback 42 MON 20.10 18:00 Deadline project plan 42 MON-TH 20- 23.10 Searching engines and screening of articles for review 42 TH- SUN 23- 26.10 Screening of articles for review 43 MON 27.10 18:00 Deadline Retake project plan 43 TUE- SUN 28.10 -02.11 Grade articles for review 44 TH-TH 03.11- 09.11 Writing Introduction and methods sections for review 45 MON 10.11 12:00 Deadline INTRO and METHODS 45 FRI 14.11 12:00 Feedback coach intro and methods 45-46 MON- WED 10.11- 19.11 18:00 Integrate feedback, writing results and discussion sections 46 TH 20.11 18:00 Deadline RESULTS and DISCUSSION 46 TH 20.11 18.00 Title and brief description presentation deadline 47 MON 24.11 17:00 Feedback coach 47 MON 24.11 17:00 Greenlight presentation coach 48 MON 01.12 18:00 Deadline ABSTRACT and CONCLUSION and submit first draft of the review to coach 48 FRI 05.12 17:00 Extended feedback on draft 49 WED 10.12 18:00 Submit final version of the review for feedback 49 FRI 12.12 18:00 DEADLINE process report and individual report 50 FRI 12.12 18:00 DEADLINE PAP2: systematic review, leaflet, individual and group reports 51. MON- TH 15.12- 18.12 preparation presentation 52 winter BREAK 1. winter BREAK 2 WED 07.01.2015 DEADLINE retake PAP 2 2 MON- FRI 05.01- 11.01 preparation presentation ? PRESENTATION Official client meetings Week Day Date Time Description 38 TUE 16.09 12:00 Kick off meeting Evaluation Project Plan sign contract Midterm evaluation project Demonstration of end product End evaluation [1]to be determined which period we use

Globalization Impacted on Indian Economy

Globalization Impacted on Indian Economy Introduction: Indian economy had experienced major policy changes in early 1990s. The new economic reform, popularly known as, Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model) aimed at making the Indian economy as fastest growing economy and globally competitive. The series of reforms undertaken with respect to industrial sector, trade as well as financial sector aimed at making the economy more efficient. Globalization has many meanings depending on the context and on the person who is talking about. Though the precise definition of globalization is still unavailable a few definitions are worth viewing, Guy Brainbant: says that the process of globalization not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communication, internationalization of financial markets, growing importance of MNCs, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also infections, diseases and pollution. The term globalization refers to the integration of economies of the world through uninhibited trade and financial flows, as also through mutual exchange of technology and knowledge. Ideally, it also contains free inter-country movement of labor. In context to India, this implies opening up the economy to foreign direct investment by providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economic activity i n India, removing constraints and obstacles to the entry of MNCs in India, allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaborations and also encouraging them to set up joint ventures abroad; carrying out massive import liberalization programs by switching over from quantitative restrictions to tariffs and import duties, therefore globalization has been identified with the policy reforms of 1991 in India. (http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/8/738/impact-of-globalization1.asp) Aims and Objectives:- The details mentioned below will help to know the research issue, the reason for the issue, cause of being the present issue and explain that how this research can be helpful in future. The research issue:- The main issue is the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. Globalization has come to dominate world since the 19th century. Globalization has many meanings depending on the frame of mind of person who thinks about it. However, Globalization means the integration of economies and societies through the exchange of ideas, technology, services, finance and people. The reason that led to globalization in India was the significant decline in GDP of some East Asian companies, lack of growth in developing countries and the foreign exchange markets of the developed nations. Due to the above reasons- Inflation in India rose sharply during 1998-99, reaching the height of 8.8% in September 1998 and dropping down in January 1999. Manufacturing growth in terms of GDP fell to 7.7% in 1996-97 from previous years height of 15%, whereas in 1997-98 it fell to 6.8%. The above mentioned impacts show the connection of India with the global economy, production decisions and government policies. Why is it an issue? There is a concern that relates to the loss of autonomy following the economic policies. It is certain that in the progressing world, all countries cant implement the same techniques, there are suppose to be some differences depending on various circumstances. Why is it an issue now:- Though there will be a help of foreign investment to promote the economic development in the short run, but there is also a possibility that at the times of recession investors may withdraw their funds causing further problems. Domestic producers are being affected by overseas giants,that are having competitive advantages over the domestic producers; having huge funds to invest. This has started to result in closure of many domestic owned firms. Globalization has resulted in outsourcing of jobs to developing countries, resulting the loss of jobs in developed countries; in the near future there is a chance that multinational corporation with there immense power may rule the world. What could this research shed light on:- The research mainly concentrates on finding the positive and negative impacts of globalization on Indian economy, talking about reforms, mentioning some important stats and figures, casual analysis of various factors influencing the country, etc. Background section:- In the early 1990s Indian economy had experienced major policy changes. The economic reform known as Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG model) aimed to make the Indian economy, the fastest growing economy and also to make it globally competitive. The series of reforms implemented with respect to industrial sector, trade as well as financial sector aimed at making the economy more efficient. July 1991 has led to a new start for India. This period of economic changes has had a tremendous impact on the overall development of almost all major sectors of the economy. Globalization has changed the mindset of Indian people. It has changed the traditional values such as self reliance and socialistic policies of economic development; that were mainly created to economic backwardness, inefficiency of the economy and also some other problems; which were created since the independence in 1947. Despite of such obstacles, India has always had the potential to be on the fast track to prosperity. Literature Review:- There have been many authors who have commented on the topic: Impact of Globalization on the economy. Let us take a close look at the ideas of such authors. In the book by Jeffrey A. Frankel (1998), named The regionalization of the world economy, he gave a brief idea about the free trade areas, custom unions and custom blocs that are prevalent in the entire world. He further said that Regionalization is the base which makes more economists hopeful about the opportunities that it may create in the near future, whereas it creates fear in the minds of others- making them think about the efforts it may take to encourage global free trade. The book provides answers to questions like- the extent of regional arrangements having affected the patterns of trade, maintains the safety effects for the arrangements and it also explains the economic effects on patterns of trade, via price differentiations or gravity models. In the book by Robert Boyer and Daniel Drache (1996), named States against markets: the limits of globalization, they commented that: As the countries are making efforts to increase their exports; this has indirectly led to crossing of national-borders and becoming dependent on other countries to satisfy their wants. Some important points discussed in the book are- clarification of whether globalization is a development or not, further it assesses the success of globalization as a media of convergence and uniformity across nations, it provides update on Hayek vs. Keynes debate and also helps to provide best benefits to the entire world. In the book by K R Gupta (1996), named Liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy (Volume 1), he comments that it has been a long time since the process of Liberalisation and Globalisation was started in India in 1991. In the book he has examined the achievements and failures of economic reforms throughout this period, and has also made some suggestions to improve them. The book also presents the roles to be played by all states in accelerating the developments of the country as a whole. It describes the economic reforms of other countries from which India can learn a lot, it analyses the impact of reforms on the agricultural cottage and small scale sector and suggests a greater attention towards these sectors. In the book by Satyendra S. Nayak (2009) named Globalization and the Indian economy: Roadmap to convertible rupee, he examines the impact of globalization on the Indian economy- in respect to the trade, investment and financial aspects, he has also considered the balance of payment and exchange rate. In the first part of the book- he mentions the role played by the US in undergoing the globalization process, he also provides detailed analysis of monetary system. In the second part of the book- the author explains the Indian economic systems and its process of dealing with the globalization; he has given a brief idea regarding the economic reforms and state of liberalisation in India. Finally the author examines whether the Indian currency- rupee can be made fully convertible or not. Research Questions:- Based on the purpose of this research the primary question will be: Will Liberalisation, Privatization and Globalization help India to achieve faster growth and progress in future as well. What impact will the MNCs have on the growth and development of under-developed and developing countries? What were the important reforms undertaken by India in the early nineties as a part of liberalisation and globalization strategy? Research Design AND METHODOLOGY Collis and Hussey (2003 pg 113) defines a research design as a science of planning procedures for conducting studies to get the most valid findings. A research design is an important step for a research proposal Research process can have different design and different methods can be used depending on the chosen subject what is being analysed. The research process is used to define the research strategy of the study in detail. Figure 1 describes a generic research process onion that supports the researcher to depict the issues underlying the choice of data collection methods (Saunders et al 2000: 84) Figure 1. Research process onion http://www.thesisexpress.com/images/fig3.jpg [Accessed 15th May 2009]. The layers of the research onion represent the following aspects: Research philosophy Research approach Research strategy, methodology Time horizons and Data collection methods The research onion gives an overview, how one can achieve its objectives by using the techniques in each layer of the onion. This research proposal aims to take a closer look on market segmentation, package design, brand development and assessment, and understanding various processes, including consumers decision-making processes. The research design, philosophy of this proposal will be framed more within the qualitative (phenomenological paradigm) methodology. But in order to better understand the study respondents, to optimize the data collection process, to increase both the breadth and width of data collection requires the use of mixed methods. The main differences between them and what they are focussed on can be seen in table 1. Table1. Quantitative / Positivist paradigm Qualitative/ Phenomenological paradigm Older tradition derived from scientific enquiry Developed from research into human experience Data take the form of numbers Data take the form of non-numbers Reality is assumed to be a fixed concept Reality is assumed to alter according to perspective Researcher maintains objectivity, remains aloof and distant from the researched There is interaction between researcher and researched, possibly to the extent of inter-subjectivity where both collaborate on the work as a whole Ensuring reliability means that the work may be repeated with the same findings Reliability may not be possible with human experiences. It is less important Large representative samples Small samples not necessarily representative Validity may be low Great importance placed on validity- the truth or trustworthiness of the research Findings to be generalised to whole population studied Findings not generalisable; may be transferable in certain circumstances Deductive or hypothetico- deductive stance-tests pre-set theories and hypotheses Inductive stance develops theory from observation artificial research setting, controlled by the researcher natural setting for the researched Source: Lecture notes by Jonathan Knowles There are two main research approaches: deduction and induction. With deduction a theory and hypothesis (or hypotheses) are developed and a research strategy designed to test the hypothesis. With induction, theory would follow data rather than vice versa as with deduction. Major differences between deductive and inductive approaches to research are: Table 2 Deduction Induction Scientific principles Gaining an understanding of the meanings humans attach to events Moving from theory to data Need to explain casual relationships between variables Close understanding of the research context Collection of quantitative data Collection of qualitative data Application of controls to ensure validity of data Realization that the researcher is part the research process Operationalisation of concepts to ensure clarity of definition More flexible structure to permit changes of research emphasis as the research progresses Highly structured approach . Researcher independence of what is being researched Less concern with the need to generalize Necessity to select samples of sufficient size in order to generalize conclusions Source: Saunders et all, 2007, p.120 This proposal follows the inductive approach where data is collected and the theory is developed as result of the data analysis. Through the interviews, access will be gained to the understanding of meaning that humans attach to the events. The objective for using the inductive approach is to ensure that all angles are covered in terms of understanding the deeper structure of the research problem. The next step is to choose the strategy, methodology which is going to be used. According to Saunders et all (2007, p.135), any of these strategies can be used Experiment Survey Case study Action research Grounded theory Ethnography Archival research For the purpose of this research proposal the grounded theory methodology will be used. Grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) is often thought of as the best example of the inductive approach. It helps in theory building through a combination of induction and deduction. A grounded theory strategy is, according to Goulding (2002), is helpful for research to predict and explain behaviour, the emphasis being upon developing and building theory. Constant references to the data to develop and test theory leads Collis and Hussey (2003) to call grounded theory an inductive/deductive approach, theory being grounded in such continual references to the data. Data collection methods are an integral part of research design. There are several data collection methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Problems researched with the use of appropriate methods greatly enhance the value of the research. Data can be collected in a variety of ways and from different sources. Data collection methods include interviews- face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, computer-assisted interviews, and interviews through the electronic media, surveys, questionnaires that are either personally administered, sent through the mail, or electronically administered, observation of individuals and events with or without videotaping or audio recording and a variety of other motivational techniques such as projective tests. Interviewing, administering questionnaires, and surveys are the three main data collection methods followed in this research. Timescale:- Its important to develop a time plan for the research to lead to a successful dissertation. For this reason the Gantt chart (developed by Henry Gantt, 1917) can be used. A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the duration of tasks against the progression of time. It is a useful tool for planning and scheduling projects as well as monitoring a projects progress. A Gantt chart lets us see how remedial action may bring the project back on course. Table 3 Target date January-February Start thinking about research topic End February Identify research problem, finalize objectives March Devise research approach March-end July Collecting data, read literature June- September Analysing and interpretation of data By half September Draft finding chapters 13th August- 5th November Appointments with supervisor By 12th November Revise draft, writing format for submission By 16th November Print, bind Before 23rd November Submit Adapted from Saunders et al., 2007, p.41 Resources:- The resources required for this research may be categorized as finance, data access and equipment. The financial expenses for this research will not be too high. However, because of the research is mainly focused on India, it will be necessary to cover travel expenses which may occur in case of personal interview, but thanks to low cost airlines, it would be still affordable. Internet has provided most of the information about this subject. Internet access is available at the university campus. Other minor expenses are expected for photocopying or printing and posting questionnaires. The main equipment used will be PC, printer and recorder. Access to study population:- In this research data will be collected from Primary source due to its validity; as well as secondary data to supplement the primary data. The primary data will be collected by conducting survey using questionnaire technique among income groups and various age. The questionnaire will be checked for completion and interviewing quality. Editing is the review of the questionnaire with the objective of increasing accuracy and precision. There are several sources of secondary data, including books and periodicals, government publications of economic indicators, census data, Statistical Abstracts. Ethical Issues:- When doing research it is always important that all parties in research should exhibit ethical behaviour. Ethics are norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about our behaviour and our relationships with others. The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences from research activities. There are six key principles of ethical research that will be addressed, whenever applicable: à ¢-   Research should be designed, reviewed and undertaken to ensure integrity and quality à ¢-   Research staff and subjects must be informed fully about the purpose, methods and intended possible uses of the research, what their participation in the research entails and what risks, if any, are involved. à ¢-   The confidentiality of information supplied by research subjects and the anonymity of respondents must be respected à ¢-   Research participants must participate in a voluntary way, free from any coercion à ¢-   Harm to research participants must be avoided à ¢-   The independence of research must be clear, and any conflicts of interest or partiality must be explicit http://www.esrc.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/ESRC_Re_Ethics_Frame_tcm6-11291.pdf [Accessed 16th May 2009]. Analysis/Interpretation of the Data:- For this research, a probability sampling technique will be used to answer the research questions and achieve objectives. The possible sampling techniques used will be stratified random and cluster. According to Saunders et al (2007, pg 221) stratified random sampling involves division of population into two or more relevant and significant strata based on one or more number of attributes. Further division of the population into series of relevant strata will ensure that the samples are more likely to be representative of the different customers in India. The data collected from the questionnaire will be neatly presented, analysed, and interpreted using pie-charts, bar graphs in the most efficient way to have the better understanding of the results. Conclusion: The main purpose of this research proposal was to identify and analyze the impact of globalization on the Indian economy. It also helped to determine the positive and negative impacts on globalization. This proposal helped me to identify the main objectives, questions and problems which this research may concentrate on; the literature review gave me the idea regarding the literature sources available- that will be enlarged by following research for the dissertation. Design and methodology stage helped to create the framework of possibilities and methods useful to achieve the specified objectives. It helped me to make a proper plan to undertake the research within the time available and to make sure that the results are in relation to knowledge and understanding. References: Malik T, 2004. Impact of globalization on Indian economy; accessed on April 25, 2010 (Source: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/8/738/impact-of-globalization1.asp) Irving Fisher Group, 2003. Indian economy and globalization; accessed on April 25, 2010 (Source: http://www.slideshare.net/fathima_sy/globalization-and-indian-economy-1095107) Balakrishnan C, 2004. Impact of globalization on developing countries and India; accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source: http://economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm) Trade Chakra; accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source: http://www.tradechakra.com/indian-economy/globalization.html) Goyal K, 2003. Impact of globalization on developing countries (with special reference to India); accessed on April 29, 2010 (Source: http://www.eurojournals.com/IRJFE%206%20goyal.pdf) Pavcnik N, October 26, 2006. Distributional effects of globalization in developing countries; accessed on May 3, 2010 (Source: http://www.princeton.edu/~pennykg/JEL_Globalization.pdf) Kaitila V. Economic globalization in developing countries; accessed on May 5, 2010 (Source: http://www.etla.fi/files/918_FES_02_3_developing_countries.pdf0) Research papers. Globalization can have a negative impact on developing economy (Source: http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Globalization-Can-Have-Negative-Impact-Developing/145452)

Copper And Molybdenum Deposits In The United States :: essays research papers

Copper and Molybdenum Deposits in the United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Copper and molybdenum resources were not recognized as valuable commodities until economic needs demanded the collection and processing of these minerals in large amounts. The most expansive deposits of copper and molybdenum occur in massive low grade ores and are found in intrusive porphyry formations, although many smaller sized but higher grade ores are located in non-porphyry areas. The nation has abundant domestic copper ore reserves but because of many detrimental economic factors much of the copper used by the U.S. industry is imported. Molybdenum ore is profuse and exports of it are high to fulfill the needs of foreign demand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Copper was first used by people around 4000 B.C. in the manufacture of tools because of its malleability and later became an important additive in harder, more useful metals such as bronze (copper+tin; 2500 B.C.) and brass (copper+zinc; 0 A.D.). The growth of copper production in the United States has been a relatively recent occurrence. North American French explorers knew of sources of native copper in the region of Lake Superior and the area natives had copper jewelry and ornamentation. Earnest copper mining began in Simsbury, Connecticut about 1709 and copper was actually exported to England after a source was discovered in New Jersey around 1719. In later times domestic copper resources did not satisfy national needs until the discovery of gold in California shifted the focus of mineral exploration westward and strikes of rich copper ores occurred in Tennessee and the Cordilleran base regions. The Civil War caused copper demand to increase greatly in order to manufacture cartridges and canned goods, this resulted in the openings of numerous copper mines of which more than 90% were in the Lake Superior area giving an important advantage to the Union armies. Major copper production districts then shifted to Montana and Arizona in the early 1890's. Production increased to reach peak levels of 900,000 tons a year during World War I and in 1970 1,600,000 tons of copper were produced but recent levels are lower, fluctuating between 1-1.5 million tons a year. Technology has aided in increasing production efficiency wich resulted in spectacular resource development in the U.S. and around the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Molybdenum has been a major mineral since 1898 when it was discovered to harden steel as an additive and useful in compounding chemicals and dyes. Substantial mining began in 1900 in the southwest but the demand was so low that activity ceased in 1900. In 1906 the molybdenum industry boomed and with the dawn of WWI the need for quality steel further increased the necessity for this

Mobile Phones :: essays research papers

The Mobile Revolution Rakesh Mohan Hallen By March 2004 the total number of cell phone users in India exceeded 3 crores. Experts call it a mobile revolution. People from all walks of life, of all ages use them. They carry it in their hands, pockets or purses. One can find advertisements related to cell phones anywhere: roads, newspapers, and television. Theoretically one can contact a person carrying a mobile (cell phone) anywhere, anytime. But few are aware of the technology that makes it possible. It is not very difficult to become aware of its nitty-gritties. How it works To use a cell phone one needs a handset. The handset of a cell phone, as you might have seen, has a small screen at one end and a panel of buttons below it. Some handsets have a small antenna that is protruding out from its, but it is not universal. Some modern handsets are foldable so that when not in use the panel of buttons is not visible, these handsets have a larger screen that can display colour pictures also. The essential component of the technology that make cell phone possible are networks of a large number of radio transmitters/receivers. Each cell phone company has a network of this kind that is controlled in each city/state by its central office known as MTSO (Mobile Telephone Switching Office) . You know that our body is made up of many cells. These networks are also cellular akin to the body of any animal. The area covered by a cell phone company, a city or a state, for its services is divided into zones that are called its cells. Thus the network of a cellular company is made up of many such cells. Each of these cells has a moderately sized radio transmitter/receiver and a microprocessor based instrument somewhat like a computer, located at a place known as its base station. Base stations can communicate with each other. They can easily located in a town/city because of the prominent size of their antenna above some buildings. A cell phone handset is also a low power radio transmitter/receiver. It can transmit as well as receive electromagnetic waves from its closest base station when it is powered on. As soon as one turns on a cell phone handset it listens for SID (System Identification Code - a unique 5-digit number that is assigned to each carrier by the central authority say TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) and is programmed into each handset when it is activated by a company.

Arachne EC

Earache From Ovoid's Metamorphoses, Earache remains a relevant myth in all its forms. The Myth of Earache provides both a spiritual almost religious moral baseline as well as an origin for a common household creature. In the myth, Earache- a talented weaver, challenges the weaving skills of Palls (also known as Athena). Intrigued, Athena weaves her tapestry and â€Å"Earache weaves hers in reply'. (Book VI: 103-128, http:// Ovid. Lib. Virginia. Due/trans/Metamorphose. HTML). Even Athena has to admit that Earache is the greatest weaver and in anger ruins her tapestry.Earache in shame kills resell, and is resurrected by Athena to live her life as a spider so that she can continue to weave. (Book VI: 129-145) This myth serves several purposes specifically to Greek culture. Firstly, it reminds those who revere the Greek Gods; that they are not only all powerful but that they have the same nature as humans do. Athena is human in the sense that she is jealous of the work of Earache. She t hen returns from Jealousy to show Earache compassion and love by resurrecting her to weave forever. In a religious way is an example of the condemnation of suicide within organized religion.All religions address suicide differently, but nevertheless it is addressed. The other common theme being that those within religious stories that choose to challenge a God/ Goddess in any way, never come out triumphant. It reminds those reading that the Gods are all powerful and always will be. This myth also creates an origin story for the word â€Å"arachnid† for spiders, a household creature. This helps the myth survive and makes it relevant to cultures across the world including my own, linking something that everyone knows, and everyone has seen to an origin and a person.Suddenly, those scary eight-legged little monsters are a piece of a woman's soul. They weave for the woman that bore them. When a small child is about to squash the spider and their loved one stops them and tells the m the story of Earache. The creature that Earache is turned into, directly reflects her as a woman. Firstly, the talented weaver is resurrected as a creature that weaves to survive. Secondly, after she has hung herself to end her life, she is turned into a creature that hangs onto the material that extends her life. She must now live from the art that caused her to take her own life.Besides teaching readers an example of hubris, the story teaches the importance of not boasting. When Athena is warned of the young woman's challenge, she gives her a last chance to learn some humility. The woman continues to boast and ignores the ominous warning. The practical piece of this myth is that it would be, could be told to children because it teaches so many warnings. It is fairly easy to imagine the matriarch or patriarch of the family sitting down the small proud child and telling them the story of Earache, and letting their eyes brighten as they relate and understand the story in all its po wer and meaning.The reason most myths and stories remain in a culture is usually centric to religion. Nearly every culture on the planet has some form of organized religion. The reason that stories linked to religion carry on, opposed to others is that they draw people together. These ideologies are passed among family members, on through generations and create links between families. This is part of the reason that other stories, not religiously based do not survive. They remain in families, changing over time, never chronicled and decomposing slowly over time.Build a big enough religious following and your stories will live forever. I find many of these stories including Earache's fascinating but slightly dramatic. Killing yourself over a ripped tapestry is a bit over the top. The phrase â€Å"crying over spilt milk† comes to mind. I understand the stories purpose as a lesson but wonder whether there wasn't a less severe way to get the point across. This specific story will live on because its namesake creatures are a household critter. I wonder if people see spiders and think â€Å"if only Earache wouldn't have challenged Athena.

A Critical Examination of Cultural Influences in the Film Bend It Like Beckham Essay

The buck spell it care Beckham resonates with me powerfully, as the conflict between westbound and Indian finale is all similarly familiar. The main character Jess Bhamra personifies this conflict in the most perfect and relatable way. Being a starting line generation Australian-born girl with Indian heritage, I can personally present to having to simultaneously maintain two in truth(prenominal) different closes that so often clash. Bend it like Beckham, is a film intercourse the story of an Indian girl whose wholly real goal in life, very much to her pargonnts dismay, is to make up overlord football game game.As Jess embarks on her trying journey of self-development in a cross- heathen space, she befriends fellow football fancier and player Jules who convinces Jess to join the local womens football team. This association provides an interesting posture on the horse opera coating, by oblation the responder an insight into the struggles of Jules life, more(p renominal) or less of which are very uni appoint struggles present for Jess. The diasporic identities that are Jess resurrects are non ill intenti atomic number 53d, withal slightly overbearing in their application of Jess obligations to her conventionally Sikh family.Thematic aspects of etic-emic distinction are raised in this film and include the role of women, quirk, stereotypes, cross-generational behaviours and integration by relational theory. All much(prenominal) themes are racylighted by the culture clash at play, as Jess attempts to grasp somewhat virtuoso of identity in an over-protected Indian space. Womens roles in both western and Indian cultures are thoroughly scrutinized in the film. Jess expresses some discomfort in assuming the traditional role of a Sikh wo gentlemans gentlemanhood as stipulated by her parents.This is the main obtain of discontent passim the film, as her ethnocentric parents truly, and somewhat naively, hold the belief that fair a lawyer and marrying a man within their community is the key to happiness. As was noned in Article champion of stop A, the Asian culture holds truth to family-kin human relationships and loyalty to elders in very high esteem. In this regard, Jess Western values of immunity of choice and personal fulfilment manoeuvre a backseat. This is highlighted in a communication that occurs with her Western teammates, where hey ask her how she is able to can getting an pose marriage to which she replies, Its near culture with a stomached nonchalance. In doing so Jess is demonstrating that she is culture-bound, conditioned to the Indian cultural practiced of arranged marriages. The crowning(prenominal) attribution error committed by Jess parents is not a result of ill-intentions, alternatively a protection mechanism against foreigner western influences. The role of women in the Western culture is not spared of affectionate description in this film.It is interesting that Chadha, the Indian-born writer, director and manufacturer of the film, chooses to examine the social constructs surrounding the implications of a womens football team in England. As there is no professional incline womens football league, one can safely assume that football is not an appropriate past fourth dimension for women. This idea is reaffirmed by Jules mystify who, through emerge the film, holds a very traditional English view on the role of women in ships company.She often expresses her disapproval with sentiments such as, naughts going to go out with a girl whos large muscles than him Jess mother subscribes to the Indian tradition of a woman as a housewife by learning, What sort of family would want a daughter-in-law who could play football but not cook? expressing much the same view as Jules mother, varied only by the respective womens contexts. Such generalisations round womens social placement is alike seen in Article four of Part A.Adams et al. (2010) acknowledg es the place of women in Spanish society as home-maker figures by hypothesising women to be more able in polychronic environments. It is also seen that the Western culture as a solid participates in the alienation of the team as a result of unfeminine associations. This is seen when Jess makes the breaker point that Indian girls do not play football. Jules pointedly remarks, Its not just an Indian thing. How many people keep up out to support us? The girls all the way seek an equality harmoniseing relationship with the mens team. The concept of humanity is broached in this film. While the public opinion is still taboo in Indian culture, Chadha makes a statement by portraiture the West to be more apprised but equally disapproving.This is illustrated by the exuberant paranoia felt by Jules mother when she mistakes the friendship between Jules and Jess as something more. When confronted, Jules exclaims, Mum, just because I wear trackies and play sport does not make me a lesbi an The hard-nosed feel of this conversation and level of homosexual awareness in the Western culture is contrasted by Jess grandmothers remark, wherefore did she call Jess a lesbian? I thought she was a Pisces Her obvious deficiency of knowledge in confusing quirk and astrological star signs indicate her culture blind nature. As if to reiterate the closemouthed taboo that is homosexuality in the Indian culture, Chadha scripts Tony, Jess childhood male friend, as a homosexual. Jess reaction to the news is indicative of a typical first-generation non-resident-Indian, a result of cultural conditioning.Her shock is portrayed through her exclamation, nevertheless youre Indian as if to say homosexuality is simply non-existent in the Indian culture. Jess briefly recovers and displays an acceptance far great than that of her own grandmother or Jules mother and tells Tony that she is okay with him liking David Beckham. While Chadha aims to eliminate and counter some stereotyping, t he stereotyping of Indian communities as regardant(postnominal) and conservative is still very prevalent throughout the film.Jules mother innocently typifies the Indian culture in her first encounter with Jess by making statements such as, I bet your parents are jam you up with a handsome small doctor soon and Jess, I commit you can teach my daughter a bit about your culture, including respect for elders and the like. She soon learns of Jess involvement in Jules football fiat and meekly states, Ive never seen an Indian girl play football forwards. Jules mother exhibits culture-blind behaviour and has very meliorate notions about Indian culture she exudes disbelief as Jess dispels these essentialising notions.Chadha further breaks free from the stereotyping of arranged marriages by scripting Jess sister, pinky, as having a go to bed marriage. When Jess tells her teammates that her sisters marriage was a love match, the display of acculturation allows for her teammates to l earn that the Indian culture is not as backward and conservative as is perceived. It seems that for an Indian family liveness abroad, the generational gap between parent and child is magnified by the hide of cross-cultural aspects. Jess and her father share the same penchant for sport and both commensurate to participate in quasi-professional teams in England.When both characters are on the receiving end of racial slurs on the field, they both react received to their cultural upbringing. Jess father demonstrates an Eastern unveiling and interdependent self-concept by walking off from the sport and quashing any hopes of returning to the field. Jess, however, displayed a more Western dominance and free self-concept by physically retaliating, costing her a red card and a irregular suspension from playing. The Eastern mentality of obedience is also noted by Chang et al (2007) in stating anti-hierarchical behaviour is not allowed in Taiwanese workplaces.The movie culminates in Pi nkys extravagant wedding, very lawful to Indian culture. As an unfortunate coincidence, the football Grand Finals are held on the same day, rendering Jess unable to attend her football match and compelling her to her sister-of-the-bride duties. Throughout the movie, Chadha depicts Jess parents in a harsh, dictatorial light however, her fathers wish for her happiness compassionately exceeds his own expectations, If its the only thing that will coiffure a smile on your reckon one the day of your sisters wedding, go and play. Jess reluctance to leave suggests that she strongly identifies with family ties and cultural commitments. Urged by Tony, she ultimately leaves the wedding to play the last half of the football match, winning the game and landing an fortune to play professional football in America. Through Relational Theory her parents earn that to have a meaningful social relationship with their daughter they must actively seek to understand her cultural pedestal and schema .This feel-good film is a perfect instance of Contact Hypothesis whereby Chadha has brought to life some contentious issues of Eastern and Western culture and allowed for a gradual process of cultural integration throughout the film. Concepts such as the gender roles, homosexuality, stereotyping and generation gaps are highlighted so as to demonstrate that multicultural societies should not invoke permanent differences, rather form fluid identities which enable people to accept and internalize all components of culture proficient to their lives.

Americanization of Canada

Former Canadian Prime Minister, Trudeau once compared living next to the States to sleeping with an elephant. He said, You can non benefactor but be aware of its every movement. American shade influences not except Canadian subtlety but also the culture of every outlandish in the world. Sneakers, blue jeans, burgers, and Hollywood blockbusters are only some of the many ways American culture impacts everybody.One of the most telling signs of Americanization seems to be the spread of American burgers and cola to nearly every country on earth, cr bearing the unify States as the king of pour down culture. Since the start of the 21st century, the massive role that the United States plays in every aspect of Canadian spirit continues to grow more apparent. Canada and America are each(prenominal) others main allies because of their proximity in terms of culture, history and geography. Canadas floundering identity is slowly diluting and digressing towards a more assertive American way of life.By choosing to clay sculpture their society and thriftiness after Americas, the threat of Canada failing to create a distinctive inheritance for itself becomes oft more realistic and apparent. By defining America, their society, and economy one can see the threat of Canada losing its heritage is increasing. The Canadian and American relationship is much comparable the relationship of Siamese twins. They can not be separated without one of them dying and they can not be apart no press how impregnable they try.This makes it even more difficult for Canada to establish their own identity and purpose because Americas cultural influences are so profound and apparent in Canadian culture and way of life. No matter how hard they try, Canadas culture provide always be intertwined with Americas culture. The media is one major(ip) way that America has influenced Canada. Canada does not have a true identity and from an outsider of both countries, they will often confuse Ame rica and Canada.